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B1 · Intermediate · Lesson 21
Relative clauses (który)
Join clauses with który — gender from the noun, case from its job.
który ('who / which / that') links two clauses. It takes gender and number from the noun it points back to, but its case from the role it plays inside its own clause — so the same noun can need który, którą or którego.
| Refers to | Subject | Object |
|---|---|---|
| masc. thing | który | który |
| masc. person/animal | który | którego |
| feminine | która | którą |
| neuter | które | które |
- •Step 1: match gender/number to the noun.
- •Step 2: choose the case from its job in the sub-clause.
Quick check
'the film that I like':
film is masculine inanimate → który.
który agrees with its noun in…
Gender and number; its case comes from its role.
Practice
Now produce the answers yourself — type them, choose the form, or build the sentence.
film, ___ lubię (masc. thing, object)
kobieta, ___ tu pracuje (fem. subject)
książka, ___ czytam (fem. object)
Say: This is the film that I like.
kolega, ___ znasz (masc. person, object)